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The term crested penguin is the common name given collectively to species of penguins of the genus ''Eudyptes''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ITIS Standard Report Page: Eudyptes )〕 The exact number of species in the genus varies between four and seven depending on the authority, and a Chatham Islands species may have become extinct in the 19th century. All are black and white penguins with yellow crests, red bills and eyes, and are found on Subantarctic islands in the world's southern oceans. All lay two eggs, but raise only one young per breeding season; the first egg laid is substantially smaller than the second. ==Taxonomy== The genus was described by the French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1816; the name is derived from the Ancient Greek words ''eu'' "good", and ''dyptes'' "diver". Six extant species have been classically recognised, with the recent splitting of the rockhopper penguin increasing it to seven. Conversely, the close relationship of the macaroni and royal penguins, and the erect-crested and Snares penguins have led some to propose that the two pairs should be regarded as species. Order Sphenisciformes * Family Spheniscidae * * Fiordland penguin, ''Eudyptes pachyrhynchus'' * * Snares penguin, ''Eudyptes robustus'' – has been considered a subspecies of the Fiordland penguin * * Erect-crested penguin, ''Eudyptes sclateri'' * * Southern rockhopper penguin, ''Eudyptes chrysocome'' * * * Eastern rockhopper penguin, ''Eudyptes (chrysocome) filholi'' * * * Western rockhopper penguin, ''Eudyptes (chrysocome) chrysocome'' * * Northern rockhopper penguin, ''Eudyptes moseleyi'' – traditionally considered a subspecies of ''Eudyptes chrysocome'' as the rockhopper penguin. * * Royal penguin, ''Eudyptes schlegeli'' – sometimes considered a morph of ''E. chrysolophus'' * * Macaroni penguin, ''Eudyptes chrysolophus'' * * Chatham penguin, ''Eudyptes chathamensis'' (prehistoric?) The Chatham Islands form is known only from subfossil bones, but may have become extinct as recently as the late 19th century as a bird kept captive at some time between 1867 and 1872〔A.J.D. Tennyson and P.R. Millener (1994). (Bird extinctions and fossil bones from Mangere Island, Chatham Islands ), ''Notornis'' (Supplement) 41, 165–178.〕 might refer to this taxon. It appears to have been a distinct species, with a thin, slim and low bill. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「crested penguin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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